Brightness Constancy

Brightness constancy is when we perceive an object as having a constant lightness even when its illumination varies. It depends on the amount of light and object reflects on its surroundings. An example of this is when two objects that are in your house look different colors because of the lighting even though they are the same.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/St%C3%BChle_Froschperspektive.jpg

Size Constancy

Size constancy is the tendency to perceive an object as being the same size regardless of whether it is close or far away. An example of this would be when you hold something in front of a building and it appears bigger or the same size but your brains knows it is not.
http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/tezzstock/tezzstock0804/tezzstock080400015/2951098-female-hand-holding-house-keys-in-front-of-building.jpg

Motion Perception

Motion perception is perceiving motion and normally the brain computes motion on the assumption that shrinking objects are retreating and enlarging objects are approaching. Also larger objects appear to be moving slower than smaller objects. An example of this would be a car appearing to become larger as it is approaching.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKjujP0F9sU&noredirect=1

Monocular Cue- Relative Clarity

Relative clarity is a monocular cue. It is when we perceive hazy objects as farther away than clear objects because of light passing through. An example of this would be when you look through a fence and the fence is clear the buildings behind it look hazy and farther away.
http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2261/2199963241_e995a689c6_o.jpg

Monocular Cue-Relative Size

Relative size is a monocular cue. It is when we assume that an object is larger when it is closer to us and smaller when it is farther away. An example of this would be when we see the moon closer to the horizon it looks lager than when it is high in the sky.

http://en.es-static.us/upl/2006/09/waxing_gibbous_body.jpg
http://worldwest.media.clients.ellingtoncms.com/img/photos/2012/09/25/092512_Westlake_t640.jpg?a6ea3ebd4438a44b86d2e9c39ecf7613005fe067